"Smart Automobile Using Intel Galileo"

OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

This project implements various sensors to control several vehicle functionality and provides different status information to vehicle user which enhances the vehicle handling or security features. It includes those features which can be mounted on a heavy vehicle with the purpose of making it smart and more interactive with user’s handling and controlling capabilities.It includes safety, security and accident prevention. 

This project features the use of IoT (Internet of Things) technology, using which we will be uploading our current location(using GPS) and other sensor data to other remote terminal using cloud computing.

Features which we have included based on research and analysis are described below.

FEATURES OF SMART AUTOMOBILE

1. REVERSE VEHICLE PARKING (RADAR OR IR SENSOR OR ULTRASONIC) WITH CAMERA INTERFACING FOR REAR VIEW

=>       Driver can safely park the vehicle like truck easily by knowing the distance of different objects and accordingly vehicle can be slowed down if some object is detected. While parking in reverse gear camera should be ON and capable to take picture of whole rear view and the same should be displayed on screen placed near to steering. If some object is in danger limit distance then automatically vehicle should be slowed down by applying brakes.

2. DISTANCE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF VEHICLE WITH REFERENCE TO OTHER VEHICLE WHICH IS LEADING OUR VEHICLE.

=>         If our vehicle is dangerously tail gating the other vehicle in minimum than the safer limit of distance then a warning alert should be there and vehicle speed should be reduced and slowed down.

3. THEFT INTIMATION OF VEHICLE GSM/GPS BASED ENGINE LOCK AND FINDING THE CURRENT LOCATION OF VEHICLE

=>       If our vehicle is being stolen then we should be able to stop the engine by sending the sms, battery power should be cut off and if still the vehicle is being towed then we should be able to find its current location on mobile through sms or email.

4. BATTERY, FUEL AND WATER LEVEL INDICATORS

=>       It will indicate levels of battery, fuel and water in automobile.

5. ALCOHOL SENSOR

=>       If driver is drunk or drinking while driving then vehicle should stop and a warning alert should be given to driver like any alarm or vibration in seat.

6. EYE BLINK SENSOR

=>       If driver sleeps say his eyes are not open for say 15 seconds then vehicle should generate the alert signal and stop itself automatically.

               

7. OVERLOAD SENSOR FOR HEAVY VEHICLES

=>       It will measure the weight of load on suspension of vehicle and it will generate the alarm if it is overloaded.

8. HEARTBEAT SENSOR

=>       In case of driver having cardiac-arrest,vehicle speed should be reduced and stopped automatically.

9. ENGINE TEMPERATURE SENSOR

=>       It will monitor the engine temperature constantly and will sense the current temperature of engine.

FUTURE EXPANSION

10. User interactive Gesture based screen for various sensor data and features

11. Using “cloud computing” communication between automobiles (IoT)

12. Tyre pressure management system

13. Lane Detection

14. Night vision camera

15. CO2 level monitoring 

COMPONENT DETAILS

NO.	COMPONENTS
1	Intel Galileo board
2	IP camera
3	Ultrasonic sensor
4	Alarm module(multi  tone)
5	Gps module
6	Temperature sensor
7	Alcohol sensor
8	Pressure sensor
9	Heartbeat sensor
10	Eye blink sensor
11	Gas sensor
12	Connecting wires
13	Motor

PROJECT PLAN

PHASE 1: 

   1.     We will be completing the Reverse vehicle parking feature first, we will interface ULTRASONIC SENSORandIP CAMERA with the Intel Galileo board for the distance measurement and rear view.

 

  2.     Alongside that we will interface one more ULTRASONIC SENSOR for the distance measurement of other vehicle which is ahead of our vehicle. 

  3.     We will display our measurement value and camera output using a DISPLAY SCREEN or LAPTOP.

  4.     We will interface one ALARM MODULE with the board and generate the alarm according to our value of distance measurement and other sensors.

  5.     Nextour goal will be to complete “Location finding using GPS” feature, we will interface the GPS module with the board. The location status will be displayed on a display screen or laptop.

(We need to study about the engine, brake mechanism (or available machines) those can apply brakes (or cut battery power from engine) according to our distance measurement)

OTHER--

PHASE 2:

In this phase different sensors will be interfaced to the board.

   1.     ENGINE TEMPERATURE SENSOR

   2.     ALCOHOL SENSOR

   3.     HEARTBEAT SENSOR

 4. OVERLOAD SENSOR FOR HEAVY VEHICLES(PRESSURE SENSOR)

With the previously interfaced components (in phase 1) to the board we will interface above sensors one by one. Each sensor will be displaying its value (and some symbolic indication) on display screen.Based on the measurement value of different sensors, warning alert should be generated (or vibration in seat) and different indications should be there on display screen for each sensor.

(Again, to reduce the speed of vehicle according to our sensor values signal should be generate to operate that device or machine which can apply brakes and stop vehicle)

PHASE 3:

EYE BLINK SENSOR

BATTERY, FUEL AND WATER LEVEL INDICATORS

Above listed features are not available ready made so we will have to make them first.

We will display the value of fuel and battery level on display screen.

OTHER--

 

We will convert that display into gesture based display and will be controlling various display modes using our hand gestures. We will use the concept of internet of things and upload some of the feature’s data using cloud computing to some remote terminal.

SENSORS OUTPUT : 

 

Hartley Thankful of Friends  :

8051 BASED MINI PROJECT

                             OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

 What is PROPELLER LED DISPLAY???

        Propeller :
Propeller is a term associated with a circular rotating object. As this project needs to rotate whole circuit assembly, there must be some prime mover attached to it.  So, the term ‘Propeller’. 
       LED Display:
This project  using bright light emitting diodes for displaying the characters and symbols on its assembly.
That’s why this project is named as ‘PROPELLER LED DISPLAY’


BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND THIS PROJECT :

      POV (Persistence Of Vision):
This is the phenomenon which is related to vision capability of human eye by which an after- image is thought to persist for approximately 1/25^th of a second.
            So, if someone is observing the images at a rate of 25 images per second, then they appear to be continuous. The best example of this property is the red circle we observe when we rotate the firecracker or incense stick in circle

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

   Microcontroller AT89C2051
This project is based around the microcontroller AT89C2051, which is a derivative of 8051 family, from Atmel Inc. This is a 20 pin IC packaged in DIP package. This small sized IC is used, mainly because of its reduced weight. This improves the performance of the display, because reduced weight gives advantage of increased RPM.


  LED MODULE
LED module consisting of 8 bright LED is fixed in another side of the arm of our project. These LEDs are connected with each of the port pin of microcontroller, with a series current limiting resistor of 470 ohm. Shown in Fig. at Right side .

Speed of the LED's (Frame rate) :

The rotational speed of the LED's affects directly how many pictures can be displayed in a second. This corresponds to the frame rate .On a modern TV, the frame rate is 100Hz. The more frame rate, the less flickering of the picture.

Because on the Propeller Display the picture is scanned mechanically, it is not easy to achieve high frame rates. For me it isn't possible to mechanics that can rotate the LED's 100 times a second.

The propeller has to be very well balanced to keep vibrations as low as possible and keep the speed of the rotating LED's as high as possible.

Moving Message Display

  Introduction & Principle :

              Before the text can be displayed, it has to be converted to a bitmap and stored in an array .Because the H8S/2633 has a lot of RAM store the whole text as a bitmap in it. After the conversion, the bitmap can simply transferred periodically to the LED's which displays the picture column by column.

              The eye of the visitor puts these  column together to the complete picture. To convert a string to a bitmap it's necessary to have a font. Every possible character is stored in the flash. A little routine copies the single characters together to obtain a whole string.

Have a look to this principle:

Because the motor of the propeller turns clockwise, the microcontroller has to output the picture from the right side to the left. If the direction would be wrong, the text appears mirrored.

    Scrolling :

Scrolling is relatively easy to implement too. A window which complies to the pixel count of one round of the propeller is moved over the picture.
Only the pixels in this window are putted out bye the LED's.
When this window moves, also the displayed text moves and it looks like scrolling.

   Remarks :

            For a nicer picture the LED's only flashes a short time when the propeller is on a position.
            Then they are darkly while the propeller move the LED's to the next pixel position and they flash again. This is done with the divider.

                                                         RESULT

                                                       Circuit Module                                     Rotating Display

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY

Mechanical assembly plays a vital role in proper functioning of this project. The display is scanned each time, by rotating the whole assembly in a circular path. The basic idea we developed is on our own, by implementing and modifying different ways to do this.
Following diagram shows the most reliable way, that we finally selected.

Here, one major challenge was how to bring +5V supply to the spinning circuit. We tried the same by adopting two-three different methods, but finally concluded on the method, as shown in the figure.

            As seen in the diagram, one supply connection (GND) is provided
through the motor’s shaft. Other terminal (Vcc) is connected, by arranging a friction disc-brush arrangement. The brush keeps its contact with the disc, so that current can be supplied.

PCB LAYOUT

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:

Much modern electronic system would be virtually impossible to package without incorporating printed circuit board. A printed circuit board popularly known as PCB, is a piece of plastic insulating board, on one side of which a complete layout diagram of an electronic circuit consisting of copper as conductive layer is  printed by a special  photo generation process.

On the other side of PCB are mounted electronic components like capacitor, resister, inductor and IC's. The metal conducting part serves as conducting medium for the electronic components that are assembled on the opposite side of board.

  PCB MAKING 
 Take proper scale of components and according to such scale make component lay out of project circuit, on a paper. This layout is simple as well as small in size. Then draw mirror image of PCB layout.

 STEPS FOR PCB DESIGNING
 The following checklist uses the major area of concern in the process of PCB design:
a)  Optimum size and shape of board should be ensured. 
b)  The substrate should be selected properly by taking into consideration its    cost, mechanical properties and electrical properties.
c) Layout of conductor pattern should be taken care from cross talk, leakage, shielding, numbers of jumpers required and their placement.
d) Selection of conductor width, thickness and spacing should be done after analyzing their placement.
e) Proper productive coating should be selected.
f) Thermal consideration should be analyzed properly.
g) Proper mounting of heavy and unstable component should be ensured  Most critical objective was to achieve pristine balance and overall good mechanical strength. For weight adjustment, we have provided one long screw, and weight can be attached or removed by adding / removing metallic bolts. If the assembly is balanced perfect, then it can achieve stability, and rotate at high RPMs too.  This will improve the overall efficiency of this display.  

TROUBLESHOOTING

          Some Troubleshooting in Project : 

1.      DC motor is not rotating
 ~>      Check the current flowing through the motor. If it reaches above 750mA, then the motor is      short,Repeat   it. In case of jamming, try to grease the bearing and shaft.

2.      The display rotates, but not displaying garbage values.
 ~>        Check the red strip (Interrupt) is in proper position or not. If not, adjust it.
3.      Some or all LED not glowing.
~>   Check the  connector, that connects the LED module to the microcontroller.
~>  Otherwise, check the continuity through each wire.
~>  If the connections are OK, then replace the particular LED.

FINAL ORIGINAL OUTPUT OF THIS  PROJECT 

  LED MODULE TURN ON

DISPLAY WORD "WELCOME TO EC"

    ENJOY... ; )